Alrighty, we’re dealing with a true Houdini-style disappearing connection here. Since the server doesn’t even register attempts, it’s almost definitely getting stopped before it reaches the Minecraft server itself.
Double-check your router’s NAT loopback (aka Hairpin NAT) settings. If that’s disabled, people on the same network might not even be able to test your public IP like external users can. Also, grab a buddy outside your network to see if they run into the same timeout while using your public IP.
Basically: Let’s confirm if this issue is affecting external users or just local chitchat. Care to run that test?